What is a way that Adaptive Immunity can recruit innate immunity? ------CORRECT
ANSWER-------The innate immune response to microbes stimulates adaptive immune
responses and influences the nature of the adaptive responses.
Conversely, adaptive immune responses often work by enhancing the protective
mechanisms of innate immunity, making them more capable of effectively
combating pathogenic microbes
Why are some infections harder on children while other infections are harder on the
elderly? ------CORRECT ANSWER-------Children have not been exposed to many
pathogens yet, so they lack memory cells and have not built-up immunity yet.
The elderly have a depleted naïve T cell population from years of battling
infections, so the likelihood of getting a match is less.
Describe how and why our injury response results in the signs of redness, swelling,
heat, and pain?
(Be sure to use chemokines, histamine, and vasodilation in your response.) ------
CORRECT ANSWER-------An injury causes an inflammatory response which is
responsible for the redness, swelling, heat and pain. Upon injury, cells on the surface
begin to release chemokines which act as messengers that something has happened.
Mast cells are also alerted to release histamines which travel to the endothelial
cells of capillaries and causes vasodilation, which is related to swelling and
redness.
Vasodilation also causes the capillaries to become leaky which allows for
histamines, chemokines and even pathogen particles to enter the blood stream
where they are met by neutrophils (non-specific) which start to adhere to the
capillary wall and squeeze through the leaky holes (diapedesis or extravasation)
to phagocytose pathogens and damaged cells.
Dendritic cells just under the surface of skin are also activated to phagocytose
foreign particles. Other B cells, T cells (specific) and the complement system also
squeeze through the capillary wall to create an area of congestion.
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